why is the nervous system like a "telegraph"

The NADP+ reductase is present on the outer side of the thylakoid membrane so as to release NADPH on the stromal side where it can be used during dark reaction along with ATP to form glucose.

Further Explanation:

The light reaction or energy-producing phase of photosynthesis takes place in the thylakoid membrane forming ATP and NADPH. These molecules are then utilized during the dark reaction to produce sugars that occur in the stroma. The ATP is the energy-storing molecule while NADPH is the reduced electron carrier.

NADP+ reductase or ferredoxin NADP+ reductase (FNR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of the light reaction during photosynthesis that is the transfer of electrons from ferredoxin (reduced) to NADP+ and results in the formation of NADPH and ferredoxin (oxidized). This enzyme is located on the outer periphery of the thylakoid membrane. When FNR accepts electrons from ferredoxin it releases NADPH on the outside of the thylakoid membrane or the stroma as FNR faces outwards. NADPH cycling is a vital step and can occur only in the presence of light. The stromal side provides optimal light for the reaction to take place.

The ATP is also formed in the light reaction as the movement of electrons from one carrier to another releasing some sort of energy which is used to pump proton (H+) to the lumen from the stroma. The transfer of protons back to the stroma takes place through ATP synthase resulting in the formation of ATP.The ATP and NADPH are formed on the stromal side and are used in the dark reaction to proceed photosynthesis further and form a glucose molecule from carbon dioxide.

Therefore, the presence of NADP+ reductase on the stromal side is important so as to form NADPH on the outer side and perform the NADPH cycling efficiently.

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Answer Details:

Grade: College Biology

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Photosynthesis

Keywords:

Photosynthesis, light reaction, dark  reaction, thylakoid membrane, stroma, lumen, NADP+ reductase, FNR, ATP, NADPH, ferredoxin.

Covered by the two cerebral hemispheres, the diencephalon is the structure of the central nervous system that surrounds the third ventricle. It is composed of several other structures. The most important of them are the Thalamus, which plays a very important role in movements and emotions; and the Hypothalamus, which provides functions including thermoregulation, appetite and regulation of the sleep-wake cycle.

The correct answer is A. Dandelion, because it is wind-pollinated.

An individual who is a carrier of an infectious disease is both asymptomatic and infective. This means they do not show symptoms, but can still transfer the disease to others, often via direct or indirect transmission mechanisms. Thus, carriers play a significant role in the propagation of infectious diseases.

If an individual is a carrier of an infectious disease, he is both asymptomatic and infective. This means that while they do not show any symptoms of the disease, they can still transmit the disease to others. A good example is the herpes simplex virus, which may not present any noticeable signs or symptoms in most infected individuals.

Disease spreading in this way is referred to as a propagated spread, essentially progressing from person to person through a population of susceptible individuals. This can happen directly, with close person-to-person contact, or indirectly, via contaminated objects or surfaces, airborne inhalation of droplets or aerosols, or even through a vector such as an insect. Despite being asymptomatic, a carrier can have a major role in the spread of infectious diseases.

While a 'carrier' can also refer to an individual who can transmit a recessive genetic disorder to offspring without showing any symptoms, in the context of an infectious disease, a carrier is an infected individual who can transmit the contagious pathogen to others, whether or not symptoms are currently present.

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The correct answer is option B. finding friends who like to exercise the same way you do

In the beginning of the exercise program, it is advised to were appropriate clothing as well as use protective equipment, so that the person is not injured and can do the exercise comfortably. It is also advised to go for a physical assessment before starting exercise, so that, any ailment cannot harm the person during exercise. But, finding friends, who are interested in same type of exercise is completely optional. It is better if you find friends, but it is not at all necessary.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

After 3 hours of exercise, the body primarily uses fatty acids and ketone bodies for energy. Muscle glycogen is used up quickly, followed by blood glucose and increased fat metabolism. If exercise continues for extended periods, protein can also be broken down for glucose.

After 3 hours of exercise, the main sources of energy for the body are fatty acids and ketone bodies. When muscle glycogen stores are depleted, which happens within the first few minutes of high-intensity exercise, the body then transitions to using blood glucose and fatty acids as the primary sources of energy.

Glucose can still contribute to energy production through the bloodstream, particularly if it's been recently ingested through diet. If exercise continues for an extended period or at lower intensity, fatty acid metabolism increases, and the body begins to utilize these fats more predominantly. Eventually, if the body is subjected to starvation or continued long-duration exercise, it will start producing ketone bodies from fatty acids as an alternative energy source.

Proteins are usually conserved during exercise but can be broken down to glucose in situations of energy deficit or extended duration activities. In summary, following exhaustive exercises like those spanning 3 hours, fat stores and any circulating blood glucose become the principal sources of energy for the body, with ketone body production coming into play thereafter.

The membrane, which is present in the largest quantity in a prokaryotic cell is the cell membrane.  

• The cell membrane also known as the plasma membrane separates the cell from the outside environment.  

• It monitors the movement of organic molecules, water, ions, oxygen, and certain wastes into and out of the cell.  

• The cell membrane protects the cell.  

• The cell membranes are generally formed of fatty-acid-based lipids and proteins.

It is the cell membrane or the plasma membrane, which is present in the largest concentration in a prokaryotic cell.

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The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between NUCLEOTIDE and NUCLEIC ACID.

In conclusion, the relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between NUCLEOTIDE and NUCLEIC ACID.

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The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar a leading to a longer chain.

The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between monosaccharide and polysaccharide in carbohydrates. Just like amino acids are the building blocks of polypeptides, monosaccharides are the building blocks of polysaccharides. Both amino acids and monosaccharides can link together through specific bonds to form longer chains.

Answer:

C) USING ENERGY

Explanation: The Lion is using energy

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Set point theory proposes that the body has a natural weight "set point" that it strives to maintain, and bariatric surgery, while effective for initial weight loss, may be met with resistance from the body's homeostatic mechanisms, potentially leading to weight regain over time.

According to the set point theory, the body aims to stay within a preferred or stable weight range. Due to restricted food intake or malabsorption, people who have bariatric surgery can initially lose a lot of weight. However, the natural defenses of the body may prevent long-term weight loss.

Increased hunger, decreased energy expenditure, and adaptations that make long-term weight loss difficult to maintain can all be caused by metabolic and hormonal changes. In order to prevent weight gain and address the body's set point processes, people may need to significantly alter their lifestyles, get continuing assistance, and consider other options in addition to bariatric surgery.

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Scientists studied the fossil record. They found four major changes in life forms. These four major changes were used to mark when one geologic era ended and the next began.

Scientists developing the geologic timescale used information from stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and radiometric dating methods derived from the study of Earth's rocks and fossils.

Scientists developing the

geologic timescale

used several different types of information, primarily derived from the study of Earth's rocks and fossils. They utilized information from

stratigraphy

, a branch of geology that studies rock layers, to understand the sequence of geological events.

Another crucial type of information was about fossil records. By studying the changes in the types of fossils found in different rock layers, they could develop a relative timeline of life on Earth. This is a concept known as biostratigraphy.

Furthermore, absolute dates of rock layers were obtained through radiometric dating methods, which estimate the age of rocks based on the decay of radioactive elements inside them. This provided numerical ages to correlate with the relative timeline from stratigraphy and biostratigraphy.

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The type of blood vessel which has the function of having to allow passage easily of other substances such as nutrients, carbon dioxide, oxygen and even waste in the cell wall is known to be the capillary.  It is known to be a branching blood vessel in which it has a role of being a network with both the venules and arterioles.

Answer:

The answer is semiconductors

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is: C. Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction.

Explanation:

Catalysts are substances used in chemical reactions to speed them up. Many of our bodily functions require the use of catalysts to function at the rate we need them. The catalyst is not consumed during the reaction - because of this, catalysts can be re-used.

Catalysis is possible thanks to the presence of catalysts. Catalysts provide alternate pathways with the lower activation energy for the chemical reactions. Activation energy refers to the energy required for a reaction to happen. When there are no catalysts around, the activation energy is much higher, and thus the reaction is harder to achieve.

Catalysts in the body are called enzymes. Outside our bodies, there are also many catalysts, like heterogeneous catalysts, homogeneous catalysts, and photocatalysts.