The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system release different neurotransmitters.
Explanation:In the autonomic nervous system, there are two main divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic. These divisions have different effects on the body due to the neurotransmitters they release. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine (ACh), whereas parasympathetic preganglionic fibers also release ACh. However, parasympathetic postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine (NE), and sympathetic postganglionic fibers also release NE.
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In the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic fibers release ACh and target ganglionic neurons through nicotinic receptors. Postganglionic fibers release NE, except for certain fibers that release ACh.
Explanation:In the autonomic nervous system, both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers release ACh. The ganglionic neurons, which are the targets of these preganglionic fibers, have nicotinic receptors. These receptors are ligand-gated cation channels that cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. On the other hand, postganglionic sympathetic fibers release norepinephrine (NE), except for those that project to sweat glands and blood vessels associated with skeletal muscles, which release ACh.
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If the final position vector of a moving object has a smaller magnitude than the initial position vector, then the change in the object's position vector has a positive magnitude.
Explanation:
The given statement is absolutely true. this is because magnitude of a vector is always non negative, it can not be zero unless its a zero vector. So, in the given question, final position vector of a moving object has a smaller magnitude than the initial position vector, so, magnitude is neither zero nor negative. Hence, it has a positive magnitude.
Final answer:
The displacement of an object is the final position vector minus the initial position vector and is a vector with both magnitude and direction. The magnitude of displacement does not have to be positive if the final position vector has smaller magnitude than the initial; it depends on the direction relative to the chosen coordinate system.
Explanation:
When discussing the displacement of an object, it is important to understand that it refers to the change in the object's position and is defined as the final position vector minus the initial position vector. Displacement, being a vector quantity, has both magnitude and direction. If the magnitude of the final position vector is smaller than the magnitude of the initial position vector, this does not necessitate that the magnitude of the displacement is positive. In fact, the magnitude of the displacement vector could be either positive or negative based on the assigned coordinate system.
In a one-dimensional coordinate system, the direction of motion can be designated as positive or negative. For example, if rightward motion is deemed positive, then a leftward motion would be negative. Similarly, in vertical motion, upward movement is often taken as positive and downward as negative, though these conventions can be reversed based on the scenario and convenience. The direction of the displacement vector essentially depends on the chosen orientation of the positive direction.
Therefore, if the final position vector has a smaller magnitude than the initial position vector, and if the positive direction is assigned towards the final position, the displacement vector magnitude could indeed be negative, not necessarily positive, as it signifies a change in position opposite to the assigned positive direction.
Monochromatic light falls on two very narrow slits 0.040 mm apart. Successive fringes on a screen 4.70 m away are 5.9 cm apart near the center of the pattern. What is the wavelength of the light?
Answer:
λ = 502 n m
Explanation:
given,
slit separation, d = 0.040 mm
= 4 x 10⁻⁵ m
Distance between the fringes, D = 4.70 m
distance between the fringes, x = 5.9 cm
= 0.059 m
wavelength of the light = ?
the separation between the fringe is given by
[tex]x = \dfrac{n\lambda\ D}{d}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{x d}{n\ D}[/tex]
where as n = 1
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{0.059\times 4\times 10^{-5}}{1\times 4.70}[/tex]
λ = 5.02127 x 10⁻⁷ m
λ = 502 n m
hence, the wavelength of the light is equal to λ = 502 n m
A 1720 kg car skidding due north on a level frictionless icy road at 239.44 km/h collides with a 2597.2 kg car skidding due east at 164 km/h in such a way that the two cars stick together. 2597.2 kg 164 km/h 239.44 km/h 1720 kg vf θ N At what angle (−180◦ ≤ θ ≤ +180◦ ) East of North do the two coupled cars skid off at? Answer in units of ◦ .
Answer:
[tex]\theta=44.03^{o}[/tex]
Explanation:
Here we have an inelastic collision problem. We can use the momentum (p = mv) conservation law in each component of the displacement.
So, [tex]p_{i}=p_{f}[/tex]
X-component:
[tex]m_{1}v_{i1x}+m_{2}v_{i2x}=m_{1}v_{f1x}+m_{2}v_{f2x}[/tex] (1)
Now,
v(i1x) is 0, because the first car just moving in y-directionv(i2x) is 164 km/hv(f1x)=v(f2x), because both cars stick together after the collision, so they have the same x-component velocity.Then, using this information we can rewrite the equation (1).
[tex]m_{2}v_{i2x}=v_{fx}(m_{1}+m_{2})[/tex]
[tex]v_{fx}=\frac{m_{2}v_{i2x}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}=\frac{2597.2*164}{1720+2597.2}[/tex]
[tex]v_{fx}=98.66 km/h[/tex]
Y-component:
[tex]m_{1}v_{i1y}+m_{2}v_{i2y}=m_{1}v_{f1y}+m_{2}v_{f2y}[/tex] (2)
We can do the same but with the next conditions:
v(i1y) is 239.44 km/hv(i2y) is 0, because the second car just moving at the x-directionv(f1y)=v(f2y), because both cars stick together after the collision, so they have the same y-component velocity.Then, using this information we can rewrite the equation (2).
[tex]m_{1}v_{i1y}=v_{fy}(m_{1}+m_{2})[/tex]
[tex]v_{fy}=\frac{m_{1}v_{i1y}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}=\frac{1720*239.44}{1720+2597.2}[/tex]
[tex]v_{fy}=95.39 km/h[/tex]
Now, as we have both components of the final velocity, we can find the angle East of North. Using trigonometric functions, we have:
[tex]tan(\theta)=\frac{v_{y}}{v_{x}}[/tex]
[tex]\theta=arctan(\frac{v_{y}}{v_{x}})=arctan(\frac{95.39}{98.66})[/tex]
[tex]\theta=44.03^{o}[/tex]
I hope it helps you!
One complete wave passes a putrefying pile of poached pickerel in 0.50 seconds. The piled pickerel protrude 20 cm along the beach. Calculate the period of the wave.
Answer:
Time period, T = 0.5 seconds
Explanation:
Given that,
One complete wave passes a putrefying pile of poached pickerel in 0.50 seconds, T = 0.5 s
The piled pickerel protrude 20 cm along the beach, A = 20 cm
We need to find the period of the wave. The time period of the wave is defined as the time taken by the wave to complete one oscillation. So, the time period of the wave will be 0.5 seconds.
Hence, this is the required solution.
An object on a vertical spring oscillates up and down in simple harmonic motion with an angular frequency of 14.2 rad/s. Calculate the distance d by which the spring stretches from its unstrained length when the object is allowed to hang stationary from it.
Answer:
0.04865 m
Explanation:
k = Spring Constant
m = Mass
d = Distance
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s²
Angular frequency is given by
[tex]\omega=\sqrt{\dfrac{k}{m}}\\\Rightarrow \dfrac{k}{m}=\omega^2\\\Rightarrow \dfrac{k}{m}=14.2^2[/tex]
At equilibrium we have
[tex]kd=mg\\\Rightarrow d=\dfrac{mg}{k}\\\Rightarrow d=\dfrac{g}{\omega^2}\\\Rightarrow d=\dfrac{9.81}{14.2^2}\\\Rightarrow d=0.04865\ m[/tex]
The distance by which the spring stretches from its unstrained length is 0.04865 m
Nuclear fusion ________.
a. is the process in which a large nucleus spontaneously splits into two or more smaller nuclei.
b. is the process in which two smaller nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus.
c. is the process in which a large nucleus
d. is bombarded with a neutron and then splits into two or more smaller nuclei.
e. is the process used to generate electricity in nuclear power plant
Answer:
b. is the process in which two smaller nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus
A energy storage system based on a flywheel (a rotating disk) can store a maximum of 4.0 MJ when the flywheel is rotating at 20,000 revolutions per minute. What is the moment of inertia of the flywheel?
Answer:
Moment of inertia of the flywheel, [tex]I=1.82\ kg-m^2[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that,
The maximum energy stored on flywheel, [tex]E=4\ MJ=4\times 10^6\ J[/tex]
Angular velocity of the flywheel, [tex]\omega=20000\ rev/s=2094.39\ rad/s[/tex]
We need to find the moment of inertia of the flywheel. The energy of a flywheel in rotational kinematics is given by :
[tex]E=\dfrac{1}{2}I\omega^2[/tex]
I is the moment of inertia of the flywheel
On rearranging we get :
[tex]I=\dfrac{2E}{\omega^2}[/tex]
[tex]I=\dfrac{2\times 4\times 10^6}{(2094.39)^2}[/tex]
[tex]I=1.82\ kg-m^2[/tex]
So, the moment of inertia of the flywheel is [tex]I=1.82\ kg-m^2[/tex]. Hence, this is the required solution.
The moment of inertia of the flywheel [tex]I= 1.82\ kg-m^2[/tex]
What will be the Moment of inertia of the flywheel?It is given that,
The maximum energy stored on the flywheel is given as
E=4 MJ=[tex]4\times 10^6\ J[/tex]
Angular velocity of the flywheel is
[tex]w=20000\ \dfrac{Rev}{Sec} =2094.39 \frac{rad}{sec}[/tex]
So to find the moment of inertia of the flywheel. The energy of a flywheel in rotational kinematics is given by :
[tex]E= \dfrac{1}{2} Iw^2[/tex]
By rearranging the equation
[tex]I=\dfrac{2E}{w^2}[/tex]
[tex]I=1.82\ kg-m^2[/tex]
Thus the moment of inertia of the flywheel [tex]I= 1.82\ kg-m^2[/tex]
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Which region of the brain serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem?
Answer:
Thalamus
Explanation:
Thalamus is a mass of gray matter located just above the brain stem, between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. It plays a role in pain sensation, attention and alertness. It consists of four parts: the hypothalamus, the epythalamus, the ventral thalamus and the dorsal thalamus.
It (Thalamus) serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem.
The thalamus serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses to reach the cerebral cortex. It acts as a clearinghouse and relay station, conducting sensory signals to their respective processing areas in the cortex.
Explanation:The thalamus serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem. It is a structure in the forebrain that acts as a clearinghouse and relay station for sensory signals, except for smell. When the sensory signals exit the thalamus, they are conducted to the specific area of the cortex dedicated to processing that particular sense.
Suppose you start an antique car by exerting a force of 300 N on its crank for 0.250 s. What angular momentum is given to the engine if the handle of the crank is 0.300 m from the pivot and the force is exerted to create maximum torque the entire time?
Answer
given,
Force on car, F = 300 N
time, t = 0.250 s
distance of the force from the pivot, r= 0.3 m
Angular momentum = ?
Now,
torque acting is calculated by multiplying force with displacement.
[tex]\tau = F \times r [/tex]
[tex]\tau = 300 \times 0.3 [/tex]
[tex]\tau = 90\ N.m[/tex]
we know,
torque is equal to change in angular momentum per unit time.
[tex]\tau = \dfrac{\Delta L}{\Delta t}[/tex]
Δ L = τ Δ t
initial angular momentum is zero
L = 90 x 0.25
L = 22.5 kg.m²/s
Angular momentum is equal to 22.5 kg.m²/s
Consider the hypothetical observation "a planet beyond Saturn rises in west, sets in east." This observation is not consistent with a Sun-centered model, because in this model __________.
a. there are no planets beyond Saturn
b. all objects in space must orbit the Sun in the same direction
c. planets beyond Saturn must orbit the Sun more slowly than closer-in planets
d. the rise and set of all objects depends only on Earth’s rotation
This observation is not consistent with a Sun-centered model, because in this model "the rise and set of all objects depends only on Earth’s rotation".
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Copernican heliocentrism, the astronomical model's title which was created by Nicolaus Copernicus and released in 1543. This model placed the Sun in motionless position near the Universe's center, with Earth and the planets of other which orbiting it in a circular orbits, altered by epicycles, and also at constant speeds.
Out of several planets in a determined order the Earth orbits around a stationary sun having three motions like annual revolution, daily rotation, and its axis is tilted annually. The planets' retrograde motion is understood by motion from the Earth.
7. A stream of water strikes a stationary turbine blade horizontally, as the drawing illustrates. The oncoming water stream has a velocity of 16.0 m/sec, while the outgoing water stream has a velocity of 16.0 m/sec in the opposite direction. The mass of water per second that strikes the blade is 30.0 kg/sec. Find the magnitude of the average force exerted on the water by the blade.
Answer:
The magnitude of the average force exerted on the water by the blade is 960 N.
Explanation:
Given that,
The mass of water per second that strikes the blade is, [tex]\dfrac{m}{t}=30\ kg/s[/tex]
Initial speed of the oncoming stream, u = 16 m/s
Final speed of the outgoing water stream, v = -16 m/s
We need to find the magnitude of the average force exerted on the water by the blade. It can be calculated using second law of motion as :
[tex]F=\dfrac{\Delta P}{\Delta t}[/tex]
[tex]F=\dfrac{m(v-u)}{\Delta t}[/tex]
[tex]F=30\ kg/s\times (-16-16)\ m/s[/tex]
F = -960 N
So, the magnitude of the average force exerted on the water by the blade is 960 N. Hence, this is the required solution.
According to the equation developed by de Broglie, what happens to the wavelength of a particle as mass increases?
Explanation:
De Broglie related the wavelength to the magnitude of the momemtum of the particle, as follows:
[tex]\lambda=\frac{h}{p}=\frac{h}{mv}[/tex]
Here h is the planck constant. The momemtum is directly proportional to the particle's mass. So, the wavelength of a particle is inversely proportional to its mass. Thus, as mass increases its wavelength decreases.
A block weighing 400 kg rests on a horizontal surface and supports on top of it ,another block of weight 100 kg which is attached to a vertical wall by a string 6 meter long and 5 meter away from the wall. Find the magnitude of the horizontal force F,APPLIED TO THE LOWER block that shall be necessary so that slipping of 100 kg block occurs. (take coefficient of friction for both contacts =0.25 )
Answer:
[tex]F_a=1470\ N[/tex]
Explanation:
Friction Force
When objects are in contact with other objects or rough surfaces, the friction forces appear when we try to move them with respect to each other. The friction forces always have a direction opposite to the intended motion, i.e. if the object is pushed to the right, the friction force is exerted to the left.
There are two blocks, one of 400 kg on a horizontal surface and other of 100 kg on top of it tied to a vertical wall by a string. If we try to push the first block, it will not move freely, because two friction forces appear: one exerted by the surface and the other exerted by the contact between both blocks. Let's call them Fr1 and Fr2 respectively. The block 2 is attached to the wall by a string, so it won't simply move with the block 1.
Please find the free body diagrams in the figure provided below.
The equilibrium condition for the mass 1 is
[tex]\displaystyle F_a-F_{r1}-F_{r2}=m.a=0[/tex]
The mass m1 is being pushed by the force Fa so that slipping with the mass m2 barely occurs, thus the system is not moving, and a=0. Solving for Fa
[tex]\displaystyle F_a=F_{r1}+F_{r2}.....[1][/tex]
The mass 2 is tried to be pushed to the right by the friction force Fr2 between them, but the string keeps it fixed in position with the tension T. The equation in the horizontal axis is
[tex]\displaystyle F_{r2}-T=0[/tex]
The friction forces are computed by
[tex]\displaystyle F_{r2}=\mu \ N_2=\mu\ m_2\ g[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle F_{r1}=\mu \ N_1=\mu(m_1+m_2)g[/tex]
Recall N1 is the reaction of the surface on mass m1 which holds a total mass of m1+m2.
Replacing in [1]
[tex]\displaystyle F_{a}=\mu \ m_2\ g\ +\mu(m_1+m_2)g[/tex]
Simplifying
[tex]\displaystyle F_{a}=\mu \ g(m_1+2\ m_2)[/tex]
Plugging in the values
[tex]\displaystyle F_{a}=0.25(9.8)[400+2(100)][/tex]
[tex]\boxed{F_a=1470\ N}[/tex]
Final answer:
To make the 100 kg block slip, a horizontal force of at least 245 N must be applied to the 400 kg lower block, calculated based on the maximum static friction force determined by the coefficient of friction and the weight of the 100 kg block.
Explanation:
To find the horizontal force F applied to the lower block that is necessary for the 100 kg block (upper block) to start slipping, we need to calculate the force required to overcome the static friction between the 100 kg block and the 400 kg block. The coefficient of friction (μ) is given as 0.25 for both contacts.
First, calculate the maximum static friction force that can act on the 100 kg block:
The weight of the 100 kg block (W) = 100 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 980 N.
Maximum static friction force (Ffriction) = μ × Normal force = 0.25 × 980 N = 245 N.
To initiate slipping, the horizontal force (F) applied must at least be equal to the maximum static friction force, which is 245 N. However, since this force will be applied to the combined system of both blocks, we must consider the total mass involved when finding the acceleration caused by the applied force.
The total mass of the system is 500 kg (400 kg + 100 kg). To move this mass with an acceleration that would cause the upper block to slip, we calculate:
F = ma, where m is the total mass and a is the acceleration. Since the force to overcome static friction is 245 N, this gives us the minimum force needed to initiate slipping when applied to the 400 kg block.
The drawing shows a golf ball passing through a windmill at a miniature golf course. The windmill has 10 blades and rotates at an angular speed of 1.10 rad/s. The opening between successive blades is equal to the width of a blade. A golf ball (diameter 4.50 10-2 m) has just reached the edge of one of the rotating blades (see the drawing). Ignoring the thickness of the blades, find the minimum linear speed with which the ball moves along the ground, such that the ball will not be hit by the next blade?
Answer:
0.15756 m/s
Explanation:
There are 10 blades and 10 gaps
To move through one blade or gap the windmill has to rotate
[tex]\dfrac{2\pi}{20}=0.31415\ rad[/tex]
This divided by the angular velocity is gives us the time
[tex]\dfrac{0.31415}{1.1}=0.28559\ s[/tex]
When the ball moves it does in a way that the ball must travel a distance of its own diameter which is [tex]4.5\times 10^{-2}\ m[/tex]
[tex]Speed=\dfrac{Distance}{Time}[/tex]
[tex]v=\dfrac{4.5\times 10^{-2}}{0.28559}\\\Rightarrow v=0.15756\ m/s[/tex]
The minimum linear speed is 0.15756 m/s
A basketball is thrown up into the air. It is released with an initial velocity of 8.5 m/s. How long does it take to get to the top of its motion?
Explanation:
We have equation of motion v = u + at
Initial velocity, u = 8.5 m/s
Final velocity, v = 0 m/s - At maximum height
Time, t = ?
Acceleration , a = -9.81 m/s²
Substituting
v = u + at
0 = 8.5 + -9.81 x t
t = 0.867 s
It takes 0.867 seconds to get to the top of its motion
Answer:
0.87 s
Explanation:
initial velocity, u = 8.5 m/s
Let it takes time t to reach to maximum height. At maximum height the velocity is zero, so, v = 0
Use first equation of motion
v = u - gt
where, g be the acceleration due to gravity
0 = 8.5 - 9.8 t
t = 0.87 s
Thus, the time taken to reach at top is 0.87 s.
An object is launched at a speed of 15 m/s. If it rises to a height of 1 m, at what angle was it launched?
Answer:
Angle at which object is launched is 17.15°
Explanation:
We have given initial velocity at which object is launched u = 15 m/sec
It rises to a height of 1 m
So height h = 1 m
We have to find the angle of projection [tex]\Theta[/tex]
Acceleration due to gravity [tex]g=9.8m/sec^2[/tex]
We know that maximum height is given by [tex]h=\frac{u^2sin^2\Theta }{2g}[/tex]
So [tex]1=\frac{15^2\times\ sin^2\Theta }{2\times 9.8}[/tex]
[tex]sin^2\Theta =0.0871[/tex]
[tex]sin\Theta =0.295[/tex]
[tex]\Theta =sin^{-1}0.295=17.15^{\circ}[/tex]
So the angle at which object is launched is 17.15°
A ferry boat shaped just like a brick is 4.3 m wide and 8.5 m long. When a truck pulls onto it, the boat sinks 6.15 cm in the water. What is the weight of the truck? The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s 2 . Answer in units of N.
Answer:
The weight of the truck is 22072.5 N.
Explanation:
Given that,
Width of the brick =4.3 m
Length of the brick = 8.5 m
Distance = 6.15 cm
We need to calculate the volume of the water displaced by the boat with truck
Using formula of volume
[tex]V=l\times w\times d[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]V=8.5\times4.3\times6.15\times10^{-2}[/tex]
[tex]V=2.25\ m^3[/tex]
We need to calculate the mass of the water displaced by the boat with truck
Using formula of density
[tex]\rho=\dfrac{m}{V}[/tex]
[tex]m=\rho\times V[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]m=1000\times2.25[/tex]
[tex]m=2250\ kg[/tex]
We need to calculate the weight of the truck
Using formula of weight
[tex]W= mg[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]W=2250\times9.81[/tex]
[tex]W=22072.5\ N[/tex]
Hence, The weight of the truck is 22072.5 N.
Which enzymes assist in repairing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) defects by recognizing a defect, cleaving the abnormal chain, and removing the distorted regions?
When NaCl dissolves in water, aqueous Na and Cl - ions result. The force of attraction that exists between Na and H 2O is called a(n) __________ interaction.
In one cycle, a heat engine takes in 1000 J of heat from a high-temperature reservoir, releases 600 J of heat to a lower-temperature reservoir, and does 400 J of work. What is its efficiency?
Answer:
η = 40 %
Explanation:
Given that
Qa ,Heat addition= 1000 J
Qr,Heat rejection= 600 J
Work done ,W= 400 J
We know that ,efficiency of a engine given as
[tex]\eta=\dfrac{W(net)}{Q(heat\ addition)}[/tex]
Now by putting the values in the above equation ,then we get
[tex]\eta=\dfrac{400}{1000}[/tex]
η = 0.4
The efficiency in percentage is given as
η = 0.4 x 100 %
η = 40 %
Therefore the answer will be 40%.
The efficiency of the heat engine is calculated using the formula Efficiency = W/Q(in), which gives an efficiency of 40% given the provided values.
To determine the efficiency (e) of a heat engine, we use the formula:
Efficiency =W/Q(in)where W is the work done by the engine and Q(in)is the heat absorbed from the high-temperature reservoir.
Heat absorbed (Q(in)): 1000 JHeat released (Q(out)): 600 JWork done (W): 400 JUsing the values:
Efficiency = 400 J/1000J= 0.4 or 40%Thus, the efficiency of the heat engine is 40%.
They each have a mass of 1.0 $ 1030 kg and a radius of 1.0 $ 105 m. They are initially at rest with respect to each other. As measured from that rest frame, how fast are they moving when (a) their separation has decreased to one-half its initial value and (b) they are about to collide
Answer:
Explanation:
Here is the full question:
Two neutron stars are separated by a distance of 1.0 × 1010 m. They each have a mass of 1.0 × 1030 kg and a radius of 1.0 × 105 m. They are initially at rest with respect to each other. As measured from that rest frame, how fast are they moving when (a) their separation has decreased to one-half its initial value and (b) they are about to collide?
solution:
G is the gravitational constant, the value is,
[tex]G=6.67\times 10^{-11}\frac{m^3}{kg.s^2}[/tex]
For half distance is,
[tex]U'=2U\\\\-dU=\frac{-2Gm^2}{R}\\\\dKE=-dU[/tex]
a)
If the sepperation confined to one-half its initial value,
The velocity is,
[tex]K=\frac{Gm^2}{2R}\\\\\frac{1}{2}mv^2=\frac{Gm^2}{2R}\\\\v=\sqrt{\frac{Gm}{R}}\\\\=\sqrt{\frac{(6.67\times 10^{-11}\frac{m^3}{kg.s^2})(10^{30}kg)}{(10^{10}m)}}\\\\=81,670m/s\\\\v=8.2\times 10^4m/s[/tex]
b)
[tex]dU=Gm^2(\frac{1}{R}-\frac{1}{2r})\\\\dKE=Gm^2(\frac{1}{2r}-\frac{1}{R})=mv^2\\\\\therefore dKE=-dU\\\\v=\sqrt{Gm(\frac{1}{2r}-\frac{1}{R})}\\\\\sqrt{(6.67\times 10^{-11}\frac{m^3}{kg.s^2})(10^{30}kg))(\frac{1}{2(10^5m)}-\frac{1}{(10^{10}m)})}\\\\v=1.8\times 10^7m/s[/tex]
Two satellites are in circular orbits around Earth. Satellite A has speed vA. Satellite B has an orbital radius nine times that of satellite A. What is the speed of Satellite B?
A. vA.9
B. vA/3
C. 3vA
D. 9vA
Answer:
option B
Explanation:
given,
Satellite B has an orbital radius nine times that of satellite A.
R' = 9 R
now, orbital velocity of the satellite A
[tex]v_a =\sqrt{\dfrac{GM}{R}}[/tex]........(1)
now, orbital velocity of satellite B
[tex]v_b=\sqrt{\dfrac{GM}{R'}}[/tex]
[tex]v_b=\sqrt{\dfrac{GM}{9R}}[/tex]
[tex]v_b=\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{GM}{R}}[/tex]
from equation 1
[tex]v_b=\dfrac{v_a}{3}[/tex]
hence, the correct answer is option B
The speed of Satellite B is one-third of the speed of Satellite A (vA/3), based on Kepler's laws of planetary motion and centripetal force requirements for circular orbits. So the correct option is B.
Explanation:The question asks for the speed of Satellite B assuming that Satellite A has speed vA and that the orbital radius of Satellite B is nine times that of Satellite A. To find the speed of Satellite B, we can use Kepler's third law and the fact that the centripetal force required for circular motion is provided by the gravitational force.
The orbital speed equation reveals a relation v ≈ r^-1/2, meaning that if the radius increases, the speed decreases. Specifically, if the radius becomes nine times larger, then the speed will be the square root of 1/9 times the initial speed, which is 1/3. So, the correct answer is that the speed of Satellite B is Satellite A's speed divided by 3, which is vA/3.
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The force between two charges is 10 N. If the distance between the two charges is halved, what is the new force between the charges?
Answer: 16N
Explanation:
According to Coulomb's law, the force existing between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the distance between the charges. Mathematically,
F = kq1q2/r²
Where F is the force between them
q1 and q2 are the charges
r is the distance between them.
If the force between them is 10N, the formula becomes;
10 = kq1q2/r²... (1)
If the distance between them is now halved, the force will become
F = kq1q2/(r/2)²
F = kq1q2/(r²/4)
F = 4kq1q2/r² ... (2)
Dividing equation 1 by 2 we have;
4/F = (kq1q2/r²)÷ (4kq1q2/r²)
4/F = kq1q2/r²×r²/4k1q1q2
4/F = 1/4
Cross multiplying we have;
F = 4×4
F = 16N
Therefore the new force between the charges is 16N
A cylindrical fuel rod of 2 cm in diameter is encased in a concentric tube and cooled by water. The fuel generates heat uniformly at a rate of 150 MW/m3. The convection heat transfer coefficient on the fuel rod is 5000 W/m2 .K, and the average temperature of the cooling water, sufficiently far from the fuel rod, is 70 o C. Determine the surface temperature of the fuel rod and discuss whether the value of the given convection heart transfer coefficient on the fuel rod is reasonable?
[tex]\rm 220^oC[/tex] is the surface temperature of the rod. The fuel must be kept below [tex]\rm 300^oC[/tex] to avoid reaching the cooling water from the critical heat flux and the temperature below that it is reasonable.
The average kinetic energy of particles in a medium, such as a gas, liquid, or solid, is measured as temperature. It is a basic physical characteristic that enables us to comprehend how hot or cold something is. Depending on the location, temperature is often measured using different scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit, or in scientific situations, Kelvin (K). Temperature, said simply, tells us how quickly the particles in a substance are moving. The substance is hotter or cooler depending on how quickly the particles are moving.
Heat generated = Heat transferred by convection + Heat conducted
[tex]\rm q_{gen }= q'' \times V\\\rm q_{gen} = 150 \times 10^{6 }W/m^3 \times \pi \times r^2\\\rm q_{conv} = h \times A \times (T_{s }- T )\\\rm q_{conv} = 5000 W/m^2\timesK \times2 \times \pi \times r \times L \times (T_s - T)\\\rm q_{cond} = k \times A \times (T_{s} - T) / L\rm 150 \times 10^6 \times \times \times r^2= 5000 \times 2 \times \pi \times r \timesL \times (T_{s} - T) + k \times 2 \times \times \times r \timesL \times (T_{s} - T) / L\\\rm T_{s }=220^oC[/tex]
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When NASA's Skylab reentered the Earth's atmosphere on July 11, 1979, it broke into a myriad of pieces. One of the largest fragments was a 1770-kg lead-lined film vault, and it landed with an estimated speed of 120 m/s. What was the kinetic energy of the film vault when it landed?
Answer:
The kinetic energy when the film vault landed is 12744000J.
Explanation:
The kinetic energy is defined as:
[tex]k_{e} = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2}[/tex] (1)
Where m is the mass and v is the velocity.
By means of equation 1, the kinetic energy of the film vault when it landed can be determined
[tex]k_{e} = \frac{1}{2}(1770kg)(120m/s)^{2}[/tex]
But [tex]1 J = kg.m^{2}/s^{2}[/tex]
[tex]k_{e} = 12744000J[/tex]
Hence, the kinetic energy when the film vault landed is 12744000J.
The kinetic energy of the film vault when it landed was 1,919,200 Joules.
Explanation:The kinetic energy of the film vault can be calculated
The kinetic energy of the film vault can be calculated using the formula: KE = 0.5 * mass * velocity^2. Given that the mass of the film vault is 1770 kg and its velocity is 120 m/s, we can substitute these values into the formula:
KE = 0.5 * 1770 kg * (120 m/s)^2 = 0.5 * 1770 * 14400 = 1,919,200 J
Therefore, the kinetic energy of the film vault when it landed was 1,919,200 Joules. using the formula: b mass ity^2. Given that the mass of the film vault is 1770 kg and its velocity is 120 m/s, we can substitute these values into the formula:
KE = 0.5 * 1770 kg * (120 m/s)^2 = 0.5 * 1770 * 14400 = 1,919,200 J
Therefore, the kinetic energy of the film vault when it landed was 1,919,200 Joules.
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A toy car (0.50 kg) runs on a frictionless track and has an initial kinetic energy of 2.2 J, as the drawing shows. The numbers beneath each hill give the heights of the hills. Over which of the hills will the car coast?
Answer:
Height will be equal to 0.4489 m
Explanation:
We have given mass of the toy m = 0.50 kg
Initial kinetic energy K = 2.2 J
We have to fond the height of the hill over which car roast
When car will roast the hill its kinetic energy will be converted into potential energy and at maximum height all kinetic energy will be converted into potential energy
So at maximum height [tex]mgh=K[/tex]
Acceleration due to gravity [tex]g=9.8m/sec^2[/tex]
So 0.50×9.8×h = 2.2
h = 0.4489 m
The vasa vasorum, the collection of small arteries and veins supplying blood to the smooth muscle and fibroblasts within blood vessels, is found in the ________________.
Answer:
The vasa vasorum, the collection of small arteries and veins supplying blood to the smooth muscle and fibroblasts within blood vessels, is found in the tunica externa.
Explanation:
In order to understand the answer above let explain the concept of tunica externa
This in Latin means outer coat and can also be called 'tunica adventitia' which also means "additional coat in Lain",it is the outermost layer of the a blood vessel covering the tunica media(This is a Latin word translated as middle coat in English which is the middle layer of an artery or a vein it lies between the tunica externa and the tunica initima which is the innermost part of the artery or vein).
An Artery
We can define an artery as a blood vessel that transports blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
An Vein
We can define a vein as a blood vessel that transports blood to the heart
and we can define blood vessel as a tube that carries blood in the circulatory system.
The drawing shows three objects rotating about a vertical axis. The mass of each object is given in terms of m0, and its perpendicular distance from the axis is specified in terms of r0. Rank the three objects according to their moments of inertia, largest to smallest.
Answer:
I₁ > I₃ > I₂
Explanation:
Taking the pic shown, we have
m₁ = 10m₀
m₂ = 2m₀
m₃ = m₀
r₁ = r₀
r₂ = 2r₀
r₃ = 3r₀
We apply the formula
I = mr²
then
I₁ = m₁r₁² = (10m₀)(r₀)² = 10m₀r₀²
I₂ = m₂r₂² = (2m₀)(2r₀)² = 8m₀r₀²
I₃ = m₃r₃² = (m₀)(3r₀)² = 9m₀r₀²
finally we have
I₁ > I₃ > I₂
Final answer:
To rank the objects according to their moments of inertia, calculate I = mr² for each, where m is mass and r is the distance from the axis. Rank from largest to smallest moment of inertia value.
Explanation:
The student's question involves ranking objects according to their moments of inertia, which requires an understanding of rotational motion in physics. The moment of inertia (I) of an object is calculated as I = Σmr², where m represents the mass of the object and r the perpendicular distance from the object to the axis of rotation. This equation states that for point masses, the moment of inertia is a product of the mass and the square of its distance from the rotation axis.
The student would need to calculate the moment of inertia for each object by multiplying its given mass by the square of its specified distance from the rotation axis (I = mr² for point masses). The objects should be ranked from the highest value of the moment of inertia to the lowest.
The concepts of rotational inertia and the parallel-axis theorem may also be relevant if the objects are not point masses, but the question provided seems to simplify the scenario to treat the masses as points. Additionally, the question posed hints that integration could be required for more complex shapes, but for the simple case of point masses or uniformly distributed mass like a hoop or rod, the formulas are straightforward.
According to Erikson's theory, when __________, the psychological conflict of the first year is resolved on the positive side.
Answer: The balance of care is sympathetic and loving
Explanation: According to Erikson's theory, when the balance of care is sympathetic and loving the psychological conflict of the first year is resolved on the positive side.
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the psychological conflict of the first year is resolved on the positive side when the infant develops a sense of trust in their caregivers.
Explanation:According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, when an infant develops a sense of trust in their caregivers during the first year of life, the psychological conflict of that stage is resolved on the positive side. Erickson named this first stage trust versus mistrust. In this stage, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help the child to develop a sense of trust; thus, the child will see the world as a safe, predictable place. If the caregivers are unresponsive and do not meet the infant's needs, feelings of anxiety, fear, and mistrust emerge; the child may see the world as unpredictable.
Successful completion of each developmental task at various stages results in a sense of competence and a healthy personality, according to Erikson. Failure to master these tasks may lead to feelings of inadequacy and affect the formation of a positive self-concept.
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You lower a 2.8 kg solid gold statue into a container of water and measure the volume of displaced water. What volume will verify that it is pure gold if the density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3
Answer:
V = 145 cm³
Explanation:
given,
mass of the solid = 2.8 Kg
= 2800 g
density of the gold = 19.3 g/cm³
volume of the water displaced = ?
volume of water displaced is equal to the volume of statue.
Volume of statue = ?
[tex]Volume = \dfrac{mass}{density}[/tex]
[tex]Volume = \dfrac{2.8\times 1000}{19.3}[/tex]
V = 145 cm³
volume of the water displaced will be equal to 145 cm³
The volume of water displaced by the 2.8 kg solid gold statue to verify its purity should be 145.08 cm3, considering the density of pure gold is 19.3 g/cm3.
Explanation:To determine whether a 2.8 kg solid gold statue is made of pure gold using its density, we need to calculate the volume of gold that mass would occupy and compare it with the volume of water displaced. Since density (d) is mass divided by volume, we can rearrange this formula to solve for volume (V) where V = m/d. First, we need to convert the mass of the gold statue from kilograms to grams because the density of gold is given in grams per cubic centimeter (19.3 g/cm3).
2.8 kg = 2,800 g. Using the density of gold, the volume (in cm3) the statue should displace if it is pure gold is calculated as follows:
Volume of gold (V) = Mass of gold (m) / Density of gold (d)
V = 2,800 g / 19.3 g/cm3
V = 145.08 cm3 (rounded to two decimal places)
In conclusion, to verify that the statue is pure gold, the volume of water displaced should be 145.08 cm3. If the volume of displaced water matches this calculation, it suggests that the statue is indeed made of pure gold.