how do organisms like coral and shellfish use carbon to make their shell?

Answers

Answer 1
As carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels has accumulated in the atmosphere, some of it has been absorbed by the ocean. As the gas dissolves in the water, it forms a weak acid (the same kind that's in bubbly soft drinks), causing the ocean itself to become gradually more acidic.
As ocean water becomes more acidic, it also lowers the amount of calcium carbonate available to aquatic animals that use the mineral to build shells or skeletons, such as corals. These organisms can be important links in the marine food chain.

Hope this helps:)
Answer 2

Organisms like corals and shellfish use carbon by forming calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from calcium (Ca2+) and carbonate (CO32−) ions in seawater. This substance is what makes up their hard, protective shells and skeletons.

The process through which organisms like corals and shellfish build their shells is known as calcification. It involves the combination of calcium ions, which are abundant in seawater, with carbonate ions to form calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate then gets deposited to form the hard external shells of shellfish or the exoskeleton of corals. In corals, symbiotic algae, known as zooxanthellae, play a vital role by contributing to carbon fixation through photosynthesis, which provides the necessary carbonate ions for this process. Similarly, other marine calcifying organisms like coccolithophores and foraminifera use the abundant bicarbonate ions in the ocean to contribute to the formation of marine sediments, which over time can become limestone, a significant carbon reservoir.


Related Questions

Governments and businesses have little impact on the environment. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

Answers

false

hope this helps :)

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Government affects the environment by its policies. Approval for various environmental protection acts and their execution by government determine the quality and pollution level of the environment.  Similarly, various businesses affect the environment by release of pollutants in air or water. Following the  eco-friendly processes may protect the environment by possible harms.

Mineral matter and organic matter together make up about 50 percent of soil. What two substances make up the other 50 percent?

Answers

The particles that make up soil are categorized into three groups by size: sand, silt, and clay. Sand particles are the largest and clay particles the smallest. Although a soil could be all sand, all clay, or all silt, that's rare. Instead most soils are a combination of the three.

The relative percentages of sand, silt, and clay are what give soil its texture. A loamy texture soil, for example, has nearly equal parts of sand, silt, and clay.

SOIL HAS STRUCTURE

Soil structure is the arrangement of soil particles into small clumps, called "peds". Much like the ingredients in cake batter bind together to form a cake, soil particles (sand, silt, clay, and organic matter) bind together to form peds. Peds have various shapes depending on their “ingredients” and the conditions under which the peds formed: getting wet and drying out, freezing and thawing--even people walking on or farming the soil affects the shapes of peds.

Ped shapes roughly resemble balls, blocks, columns, and plates. Between the peds are spaces, or pores, in which air, water, and organisms move. The sizes of the pores and their shapes vary from soil structure to soil structure.

Answer:

water and air is the other 50%

Explanation:

Can someone write me an essay on the effects of pollution on the ocean? 500 words

Answers

Explanation:

Everything in this world we use comes from the ocean in some way. The air we breathe, the water we drink, even the products we use day to day, would not be possible without the ocean. That's why the issue of ocean pollution is so important and needs to be addressed as soon as possible. We depend on the ocean for so much in our life, without it we would surely become extinct. People seem to think that since the ocean is so large and vast, we can dump as much waste as we'd like into it and it will never have an effect on us. However, since we've been polluting the ocean as far back as Roman times, the evidence of ocean pollution becoming a major problem is all too clear. There are many different ways the ocean can become polluted.Fishnets improperly discarded into the ocean can also cause major issues, tangling into unsuspecting mammals and fish. According to the Marin Academy's Oceanography website, there are over 46,000 pieces of plastic floating in each square mile of ocean off the Northeast coast of the United States, which contributes to the death of 100,000 marine mammals and two millions sea birds yearly. A way you wouldn't expect pollution to be caused is by noise. The pressure from the sounds omitted by ships, sonar devices, oil rigs, and earthquakes can disrupt communication, hunting, migration, and reproduction patterns from many marine animals like whales and dolphins. This can throw the whole system off balance. Air pollution can also cause ocean pollution by being absorbed into the water and contaminating it, and vice versa. Ocean pollution can eventually cause air pollution. Dirt can also spill into waterways from top soil or silt from fields or construction sites, causing endangerment to fish and wildlife habitats. Out of all of these ways, oil spills can cause a noticeably excessive amount of damage to the ocean. Although only 12% of the oil entering the sea is caused by spills, they can deteriorate ocean life and environment more than any other pollution. One gallon of used oil spilled into the ocean, which contains toxic chemicals and heavy metals severely dangerous to the micro-organism at the base of the food chain, can cause an eight-acre layer

out at the beautiful ocean, the silky sand and gorgeous seashells lay underneath my feet. The blue waves crashing down onto the shore. The ocean is truly a beautiful sight to see. However, we are slowly ruining this beautiful thing because of the way we treat this planet, the ocean is extremely polluted and marine life is paying for it. A few of the ways mankind is damaging marine life is by heavy oil pollution, and exposing marine life to dangerous chemicals. One way our oceans are polluted is because.

Ocean Pollution Ocean pollution kills marine life everyday and damages the ocean in many ways that sometimes can't be fixed. The real question is where does it all go? Much of it ends up on our beaches washed in with the waves and tides, some sinks, some is eaten by marine animals mistaking it for food. The majority of pollutants going into the ocean come from activities on land. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Ocean pollution is one of the most urgent issues in our world today. The ocean is crucial to our ecosystem and it is being severely damaged at an alarmingly increasing rate. In this paper I will educate about the role the ocean plays in our beautiful Earth, why it is being so widely ignored and dismissed, the causes of pollution, and its effects on animals and humans alike. Since the beginning of the human race, people have flocked to the ocean. The largest civilizations were built in fertile, coastal

The oceans face many types of pollution every day, every second. The ocean is our greatest ecosystem and out most valuable resource. A common misconception is that the rainforests are the lungs of the planet however, the majority of our oxygen is made via the algae in the sea. The oceans feeds, hydrates, and provides us with oxygen; ironically enough, despite its monetary value to mankind, it is what is treated the worst. For ages we have been dumping our trash, chemicals, and waste into the oceans

I'm in the ocean every day, it’s my second home. Because of this, I am very sensitive to literary and other pollution that ends up in our oceans. I can't walk down the beach today without seeing a pile of trash. Because of this curiosity, I wanted to research what another type of litter fill our local ocean. Our ocean is filthy, Plastics and fibers make their way into the sea naturally every day. Apart from the rest of the trash, some of these plastics and fibers are microscopic, coining the terms.

CAN I GET BRANLIEST?

Which organism would you expect to find at a level C

Answers

for level c (if you use Apex Learning) you would select the rabbit

Answer:

A.rabbit

Explanation:

apexs

The diagram shows the process of meiosis. which statement is correct regarding meiosis and reproduction?

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

This answer is coming directly from USAtestprep

The study of cells is called cell biology. There are two types of cells on the basis of the number and these are unicellular and multicellular.

The options are missing

What is meiosis?Meiosis is a special type of cell division of germ cells in reproducing organisms used to produce the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells.It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells with only one copy of each chromosome.

Kindly provide the option for better assessment.

For more information about the cell, refer to the link:-

https://brainly.in/question/9531558

What causes an object with mass to have weight?

Answers

Gravity is the attractive pull between two objects that have mass. The strength of gravity is directly proportional to the amount of mass of each object. ... An object with twice as much mass will exert twice as much gravitational pull on other objects. The gravitational force increases as the size of an object increases.

Assume that you have been given the parts of a dissected shoe flower. If you were to put these parts back together, what would be the correct order to arrange the flower parts in, starting from the inside? peduncle, receptacle, epicalyx, calyx, corolla, stamens, ovary with carpel stamens, ovary with carpel, corolla, calyx, epicalyx, receptacle, peduncle ovary with carpel, stamens, corolla, calyx, epicalyx, receptacle, peduncle

Answers

I am pretty sure its OVARY with CARPEL, STAMENS, COROLLA, CALYX, EPICALYX, RECEPTACLE and PEDUNCIE.

Which of the following is not a typical type of weather data collected?

Answers

i had to look this up but next time try to get the answer choices

angle of the sun

╦___________________________________╦

│Hope this helped  _____________________│

│~Xxxtentaction ^̮^ _____________________│

╩___________________________________╩    

Answer:

angle of the sun

Explanation:

rip Juice Wrld

Where is the blood filtered first?​

Answers

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZz

If you focus on pipes how it goes you may see it ends to Z. So the ans is Z!

because increased carbon in the atmosphere traps heat in Earth's atmosphere,it intensifies the______effect?

a) habitat restoration
b) globalization
c) greenhouse
d) doghouse

burning organic material (s) such as_______, releases carbon dioxide?

a) all of the above
b) iron
c) steel
d) fossil fuels

Carbon mixes with......
a) land
b) water
c) none of the above
d) all of the above
e) atmosphere

Answers

1. C) Greenhouse Effect

2. D) Fossil Fuels

3. D)All of the Above

:)

Final answer:

Increased carbon in the atmosphere intensifies the greenhouse effect, a principal cause of global warming. The burning of fossil fuels is an example of human activity that releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Further, carbon mixes with the atmosphere and water, impacting both.

Explanation:

Increased carbon in the atmosphere intensifies the greenhouse effect. This is because carbon, particularly in the form of carbon dioxide, is a major component of greenhouse gases. These greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming. An example of this is the burning of organic materials such as fossil fuels which release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Carbon can mix with a variety of substances including the atmosphere and water. When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, it can form carbonic acid, which contributes to ocean acidification. In the atmosphere, carbon gases contribute to the greenhouse effect.

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Classify the following as either a specific or a nonspecific defense of the body's immune system.

• skin
• macrophages
• bacteria • mucous
• fever
• B cells • T cells
• antibodies

Specific Nonspecific








Answers

Specific defence would be types of defence directed to a specific antigen. Nonspecific defence would be general types of defence; directed to any type of antigens.

Specific:

Antibodies B cellsT cells

Nonspecific:

SkinBacteria MucusMacrophagesFever

Hope it helped,

BiologiaMagister

PLZ HURRY IT'S URGENT!!!!
This is the equation for the formation of sodium chloride from sodium bromide. Cl2 + 2NaBr → Br2 + 2NaCl Which are the reactants and the products in this reaction?

A. The reactants are Cl2 (chlorine) and NaBr (sodium bromide). The products are Br2 (bromine) and NaCl (sodium chloride).

B. The reactants are Br2 (bromine) and NaCl (sodium chloride). The products are Cl2 (chlorine) and NaBr (sodium bromide).

C. The reactants are Cl2 (chlorine) and Br2 (bromine). The products are NaBr (sodium bromide) and NaCl (sodium chloride).

D. The reactants are NaBr (sodium bromide) and NaCl (sodium chloride). The products are Cl2 (chlorine) and Br2 (bromine).

Answers

The correct answer is A

Reactants are the left side of the equation, and the Products are the right side of the equation.

What do u call the water on the earth surface

Answers

Hello

Is called: Ocean, sea...

Best regards

Its called Hydrosphere

What is the difference between micro-evolution and macro-evolution?
1. Macro evolution is a change in the gene pool and micro evolution is the formation of a new species.
2. Micro evolution is the change in the gene pool and macro evolution is the formation of a new species.
3. There is no difference.
4. Micro evolution only happens in the Galapagos island and Marco evolution only happens in Trinidad.


Please please help!

Answers

I think the answer would be 2.) Micro evolution is the change in the gene pool and macro evolution is the formation of a new species.

Final answer:

Microevolution refers to small evolutionary changes within a species' gene pool, while macroevolution describes larger evolutionary changes that lead to the formation of new species over long geological time periods.

Explanation:

The terms microevolution and macroevolution refer to different scales of evolutionary changes in organisms. Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population, leading to adaptations and variations within a species. This process includes the natural selection of advantageous traits, genetic drift, mutations, and gene flow. It occurs on a relatively small scale and often over a short period of time. In contrast, macroevolution involves the evolution of entire taxonomic groups over long periods of geological time, leading to the emergence of new species (speciation), extinction events, and the evolution of major new features or body plans. It includes the accumulation of microevolutionary changes that lead to the formation of new species and larger evolutionary changes.

summarize how the dna sequence directs the making of a protein

Answers

Proteins are produced by stringing amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA strands that were transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus. The process of synthesizing a protein is called translation, and it occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Which of these processes is a nearly universal energy-releasing metabolic process that indicates common ancestry for all life on earth?

A) Glycolysis
B) Photosynthesis
C) Chemosynthesis
D) Cellular Respiration

Answers

Which of these processes is a nearly universal energy-releasing metabolic process that indicates common ancestry for all life on earth?

The answer is option A) Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down by enzymes, thus  releasing energy and pyruvic acid. All cells can perform anaerobic respiration by glycolysis.

Answer:

A) Glycolysis

Explanation:

Glycolysis Glycolysis is anaerobic, so no oxygen is required. It occurs in the cytoplasm, so no organelles are involved. It produces more ATP than is consumed, so it is energy-releasing. Therefor, all cells on earth can perform glycolysis. Other energy harnessing and releasing processes (photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, and aerobic cellular respiration) are only performed by certain cell types.

Complete the possible outcomes for each generation in the pedigree chart.

bb Bb BB

Answers

Far right: bbmiddle: Bbfar left: BBi hope this is right

Answer:

In the first generation left to right Bb and bb and in the second generation BB will be the right outcomes.

Explanation:

In the first generation the four gamets will be formed - B, b, b, and b so the outcomes will be Bb, bb, bb, and Bb. In the second generation, the four gamets will be formed - B, B, B, and b and possible outcomes will be- BB, BB, Bb, and Bb. So in the given chart the possible outcomes in the first generation will be Bb and bb in the box from left to right and in the second generation BB in the box.

which of the few is not a defining characteristic of water?

a) surface tension

b) cohesion

c) polarity

d) low specific heat capacuty​

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Low Specific Heat Capacity

Why is HIV difficult to cure?

Answers

it's difficult to cure because there are so many varying strains that are slightly different

Because is degenerative and hits your inmune system.

Best regards

A 111.6 g sample of iron was heated from 0°C to 20°C. It absorbed 1004 J of energy. What is the specific heat capacity of iron?
0.00578 J/g°C
0.45 J/g°C
2.20 J/g°C
4.18 J/g°C

Answers

Answer;

= 449.82 J/kg/K

Explanation;

Quantity of heat by a substance is given by the formula;

Q = McΔθ

Where; Q is the quantity of heat,m is the mass in Kg, c is the specific heat capacity, Δθ is the change in temperature.

Q = 1004 Joules, mass = 0.1116 Kg and Δθ = 20

Therefore;

1004 J= 111.6/1000 × 20 × c

1004 J = 0.1116 × 20 × c

c = 1004/(0.1116 × 20)

  = 449.82 J/kg/K

All animals share several common characteristics. Which is a characteristic shared by all animals?

Question 2 options:

endoskeletons and muscles


sensory organs and backbones


multi-cellular bodies


exothermic blood systems

Answers

Answer: multi-cellular bodies

Explanation: All animals are multi-cellular. This means that they are made up of many cells/cellular systems. Single-celled organisms, on the other hand, are not considered animals. Those would mostly be too tiny to see without the aid of a microscope tool. The other answer choices would not fit, because not all animals have bones (endoskeletons or exoskeletons). Also, only some animals are cold blooded, which is what the last answer choice has to do with.

Final answer:

All animals share the characteristic of having multi-cellular bodies. This feature differentiates them from unicellular organisms. Other characteristics like endoskeletons, sensory organs, backbones, and exothermic blood systems are not universal to all animals.

Explanation:

The characteristic shared by all animals is that they have multi-cellular bodies, this means they are made up of more than one cell. This feature distinguishes them from unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, which consist of a single cell. The options of endoskeletons and muscles, sensory organs and backbones, and exothermic blood systems are not common to all animals.

For example, jellyfish do not have endoskeletons or muscles, many invertebrates don't have backbones, and not all animals have exothermic blood systems.

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5. If 18 out of 50 lizards sampled has the recessive plan for short tails
a. What would be the proportion of t alleles in the lizard population?
b. What would be the allele frequency for the dominant allele?
C. What percent of the population would be heterozygous?
[Ans -(a)0.6; (b) 0.4; (C) 0.48]

I need to show the work, but I can't figure out how to do any of this, please help!

Answers

Final answer:

The proportion of t alleles in the lizard population is 0.36 or 36%. The allele frequency for the dominant allele is 0.64 or 64%. The percent of the population that would be heterozygous is 0.46 or 46%.

Explanation:

To find the proportion of t alleles in the lizard population, we need to determine the frequency of the recessive allele. Since 18 out of 50 lizards have the recessive allele, the proportion of t alleles would be 18/50, which simplifies to 0.36 or 36% (a).

To find the allele frequency for the dominant allele, we can subtract the recessive allele frequency from 1. Since the recessive allele frequency is 0.36 or 36%, the allele frequency for the dominant allele would be 1 - 0.36 = 0.64 or 64% (b).

To find the percent of the population that would be heterozygous, we can calculate 2pq, where p is the dominant allele frequency and q is the recessive allele frequency. Using the allele frequencies from part (a) and (b), the heterozygous proportion would be 2 * 0.64 * 0.36 = 0.46 or 46% (c).

Freshwater biomes have ____

Answers

C a salinity of less than 1%

Answer:

The letter C is the right answer.

Explanation:

According to salinity, we can divide the water into fresh, brackish and salty. Freshwater has a small amount of salt (less than 1%), so, despite the term, we must make it clear that it does not contain sugar. This is the water most used by man and is available in rivers, lakes and underground reserves. It is estimated that it represents only 2.5% of the total water on the planet.

how would the citrate mutation in E. coli give it an advantage over other E.coli populations?​

Answers

The mutation enabled one of the E. coli populations to feed off citrate. this gave them an advantage because they had another food source

Final answer:

The citrate mutation in E. coli allows the bacteria to metabolize citrate as a new energy source, giving them an evolutionary advantage in certain environments. This adaptation involves an increased expression of genes such as citT and DctA, which enhance nutrient uptake and citrate metabolism.

Explanation:

The citrate mutation in E. coli provides a significant evolutionary advantage over other populations that cannot metabolize citrate. This mutation involves changes such as a genomic duplication leading to increased expression of the citT gene, which enables the bacteria to import citrate into the cell. The ability to utilize a previously untapped energy and carbon source through the citrate permease enzyme gives these bacteria a reproductive advantage in environments where citrate is available, thus enhancing their survival and proliferation.

Further mutations, such as those increasing the expression of DctA, have been observed to improve the E. coli cells' capacity to import nutrients and metabolize citrate, further strengthening their competitive edge. This adaptation exemplifies mechanisms of evolution where selective pressure encourages the accumulation of beneficial mutations, rather than relying on a singular, rare alteration to confer a survival benefit.

Natural selection does not always result in an increase in genetic diversity. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

Answers

Answer:

ITS ture!!!!!!!!

Explanation:

Answer:

True

Explanation:

In a natural selection, the frequency of an allele not necessarily increases always. The frequency of an allele decreases sometimes in natural selection. There are different modes of natural selection –  

a) Mutation – When a new allele is created

b) Random mating

c) Random fertilization  

d) Recombination  

A common example of natural selection in which the genetic variation decreases is known as founder effect in which the population starts ascending from a small population.

Why does the surface of a lake appear blue in color on a clear day

Answers

because it reflects the color of the sky? "The ocean looks blue because red, orange and yellow (long wavelength light) are absorbed more strongly by water than is blue (short wavelength light). So when white light from the sun enters the ocean, it is mostly the blue that gets returned.

Its because when white light from the sun goes into the ocean, the color blue mostly forms, from the short wavelength light.

Hope this helps :)

An error in the DNA checkpoint by DNA polymerase during DNA replication could pass on to future offspring only if?

Answers

the mutation occurred in the gametes

hope this helps :)

NEED HELP ASAP !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! LAST ONE WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
In the drawing above, the distance from the ground to the floor of the trailer is 28 inches. The length of the ramp is 70 inches. What is the mechanical advantage of this simple machine?
A.
28
B.
2.5
C.
2/5
D.
1/3

Answers

The correct answer is B - 2.5

fungi are different from plants in that fungi

a. secrete enzymes

b. decompose organic waste

c. contain dna

d. have cell walls

Answers

b. Decompose organic waste

2 Which of the following best describes how comparative anatomy can be used to determine the evolutionary relationship between two organisms?

Answers

Two species that have few physical traits in common do not share a common ancestor and most likely evolved from different species.

Answer:

its c

Explanation:

i took the test

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