Assuming equal concentrations and complete dissociation, rank these aqueous solutions by their freezing points. K2SO4 NH4I CoCl3

According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical equation, 7.64 grams of NaCl is formed.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

As per the equation, 268.9 grams copper chloride gives 137 g so 15 g copper chloride will give 15×137/268.9=7.64 g.

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Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]    ......(1)

Given mass of water = 4.50 g

Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of }H_2O=\frac{4.50g}{18g/mol}=0.25mol[/tex]

Hence, the moles of given amount of water is 0.25 moles.

Given mass of barium hydroxide = 471.6 g

Molar mass of barium hydroxide = 171.34 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of }Ba(OH)_2=\frac{471.6g}{171.34g/mol}=2.75mol[/tex]

Hence, the moles of given amount of barium hydroxide is 2.75 moles.

Given mass of iron phosphate = 129.68 g

Molar mass of iron phosphate = 150.82 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of }Fe_3(PO_4)_2=\frac{129.68g}{150.82g/mol}=0.86mol[/tex]

Hence, the moles of given amount of iron phosphate is 0.86 moles.

Answer:

PCI5

Explanation:

The bond dipole moment determines the molecular polarity of diatomic molecules. Homonuclear diatomic molecules have no difference in electronegativity and therefore have a dipole moment of zero. Heteronuclear molecules have a small dipole moment, while molecules with a larger electronegativity difference have a larger dipole moment.

For diatomic molecules, there is only one bond, so its bond dipole moment determines the molecular polarity. Homonuclear diatomic molecules such as Br2 and N₂ have no difference in electronegativity, so their dipole moment is zero. For heteronuclear molecules such as CO, there is a small dipole moment. For HF, there is a larger dipole moment because there is a larger difference in electronegativity.

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Taking into account the definition of covalent and ionic bonds, the bonds of NaCl, CaCl₂ and KCl are ionic.

The covalent bond is the chemical bond between atoms where electrons are shared, forming a molecule. Covalent bonds are established between non-metallic elements. These elements have many electrons in their outermost level (valence electrons) and have a tendency to gain electrons to acquire the stability of the electronic structure of noble gas. The shared electron pair is common to the two atoms and holds them together.

On the other side, an ionic bond is produced between metallic and non-metallic atoms, where electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. During this process, one atom loses electrons and another one gains them, forming ions. Usually, the metal gives up its electrons forming a cation to the nonmetal element, which forms an anion.

Considering the above, as Na, Ca and K are metals and Cl is a non-metal, the bonds of NaCl, CaCl₂ and KCl are ionic.

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The products of the oxidation of glucose with an excess of oxygen are carbon dioxide and water.

A combustion reaction can be defined as a reaction that produces heat and occurs at an elevated temperature. It is an exothermic reaction, a redox chemical reaction that occurs between a fuel (hydrocarbon) and oxygen in the atmosphere.

Oxygen is an essential component for combustion because combustion cannot take place in the absence of oxygen. Complete combustion occurs when hydrocarbon burns fully to form water, carbon dioxide, and heat.

The burning of wood is also combustion where the carbon present in wood reacts with oxygen gas in the air to liberate heat and form gaseous products.

During the combustion of glucose reacts with an excess of oxygen gas to give six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water.

[tex]C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \longrightarrow \; 6CO_2 + 6H_2O[/tex]

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All components in groups 4A or 14 finish in p2. This is how it works. There are several outliers for the metallic elements (groups 3–12). The basic norm is that the electron arrangement of an element terminates in d, regardless of its location.

because grouping 8 will be p6. we must count the two Groups I and Group II electrons from the "s" block. 

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Metal are good conductor of heat and electricity. They have lusture, hard and they are ductile and malleable.

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. The some of the characteristic of metal are:

Luster: Metals, such as gold, silver, and copper, have the ability to reflect light from their surface.

Metals that are malleable can endure hammering and be formed into thin foil-like sheets.

High melting and boiling points are characteristics of metals. The highest melting and boiling points are found in tungsten, whereas mercury has the lowest. Low melting points are also found for sodium and potassium.

Therefore, Metal are good conductor of heat and electricity. They have lusture, hard and they are ductile and malleable.

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Answer:

Option (A), (C) and (D)

Explanation:

Shield volcanoes are generally characterized gentle slopes, and are dome shaped, resembling the shield that is used by the ancient warriors. This type of volcano produces magma that are basaltic in nature and have no silica content. So they can flow easily. The layers are often formed due to the gentle eruption of lava that solidifies. These volcanoes are not explosive but they can turn into a violent one if it comes in contact with water. They occur along the Pacific's ring of fire. The amount of pyroclastic materials is less than the total amount of lava it releases during a volcanic eruption.

Thus, the correct answers are options (A), (C) and (D).

Examples of matter include a cup of coffee and the air we breathe, while energy is seen as sunlight shining through a window. Matter consists of substances that have mass and occupy space, and energy is the capacity to perform work or bring about change.

Examining the world around us, we can find numerous examples of matter and energy. For instance, a cup of coffee on your desk is an example of matter, containing energy in the form of heat.

Another example of matter would be the air you breathe, which is a mixture of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. As for energy, sunlight streaming through a window illustrates energy in the form of light and heat.

These examples help us understand that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, while energy is the capability to do work or cause change.

Matter can exist in different states, including solid, liquid, and gas. For example, ice is water in its solid state.

When absorbing energy, this ice can melt into liquid water, exemplifying a phase change that involves energy transfer. Alternatively, water vapor condensing into liquid showcases a phase change where energy is released.

To comprehend the complexities of these transitions and the role of energy, it is vital to explore the conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Investigations in this area could include lab experiments verifying the law of conservation of energy by observing phase changes and measuring the energy involved.

Answer:

There are 5 orbitals in the "d" sublevel.

Explanation:

In the d sublevel, there are 5 orbitals. The d sublevel consists of 5 atomic orbitals: dxy, dxz, dyz, dx2-y2, and dz2. Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

In the d sublevel, there are 5 orbitals.

The d sublevel consists of 5 atomic orbitals:

Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, resulting in a total of 10 electrons in the d sublevel.

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1) C3H6(OH)2 : this compound must be propan-1,2-diol or propylene glycol

This is covalent compound and will not dissociate in water so the chemical speceis present will be

H2O and C3H6(OH)2

2) FeI3: this is ionic compound and will dissociate to form

FeI3 ---> Fe+3  + 3I-

chemical species present : H2O , Fe^+3 and I^-1

3) C3H8O : this must be propanol again it will remain undissociated

so the chemical species present will be HeO and C3H6(OH)2

(1) The chemical species present will be [tex]\boxed{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}}[/tex] and [tex]\boxed{{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}}{{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)}_{\text{2}}}}[/tex].

(2) The chemical species present will be [tex]\boxed{{\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^{{\text{3}} + }}}[/tex], [tex]\boxed{{\text{3}}{{\text{I}}^ - }}[/tex] and [tex]\boxed{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}}[/tex].

(3) The chemical species present will be [tex]\boxed{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}}[/tex] and [tex]\boxed{{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{O}}}[/tex]. For table (refer to the image attached).

Further Explanation:

Covalent compounds are those compounds which are formed by the electron sharing between two or more non-metals. Covalent bonds involve two atoms that share electrons and reach a more stable electron configuration

Ionic compounds are those compounds formed from the ions of the species. Ions are the species that are formed due to the loss or gain of electrons. Cation forms by the loss of electrons and anion forms by the gain of electrons in a neutral atom. The ionic bond is a chemical bond between two atoms in which one atom donates its electron to another atom.

Compounds made from two elements can either have an ionic or covalent bond.

(i) If a bond is formed from a metal and a non-metal then it will be ionic.

(ii)If a bond is formed from two non-metals then it will be covalent.

Ionic reaction:

The ionic reaction is a chemical reaction in which molecules dissociate into ions in water. In ionic reaction, net charge is same on both sides.

(1)  [tex]{{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{3}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{6}}}{\left( {{\mathbf{OH}}} \right)_{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex]

In [tex]{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}[/tex], carbon (C), oxygen(O) and hydrogen(H) are nonmetals and form covalent bonds. Therefore, [tex]{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}[/tex] is a covalent compound and will not dissociate in water. The chemical species present will be [tex]{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_{\text{2}}}[/tex].

(2)  [tex]{\mathbf{Fe}}{{\mathbf{I}}_{\mathbf{3}}}[/tex]

In [tex]{\text{Fe}}{{\text{I}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex], Iron (Fe) is metal and iodine (I) is a nonmetal and they will form an ionic compound. Therefore, [tex]{\text{Fe}}{{\text{I}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex] is an ionic compound and will dissociate into ions in water.

The dissociation reaction of [tex]{\text{Fe}}{{\text{I}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex] into ions is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Fe}}{{\text{I}}_{\text{3}}} \to {\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^{{\text{3}} + }} + {\text{3}}{{\text{I}}^ - }[/tex]

Hence, the chemical species present will be [tex]{\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^{{\text{3}} + }}[/tex], [tex]{\text{3}}{{\text{I}}^ - }[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}[/tex].

(3) [tex]{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{O}}[/tex]  

In [tex]{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{O}}[/tex] carbon (C), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) are nonmetals and form covalent compound. Therefore, [tex]{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{O}}[/tex] is a covalent compound and will not dissociate in water. The chemical species present will be [tex]{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}}{\text{O}}[/tex].

The table that shows the chemical species present in each compound is attached in the image.

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Chemical bonding and molecular structure

Keywords: Ionic, covalent, metal, nonmetal, water, ions, dissociation, C3H8O, FeI3, and C3H6(OH)2.

Moles of NAF are in 34.2 grams of a 45.5% by mass naf solution 15.6 g

One mole is the Avogadro number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, or electrons) in a substance. One mole of atoms contains 6 x 1023 atoms. The 6.022 x 10 23 number is known as the number of Avogadro or the constant of Avogadro.

For the conversion of mass and number of particles, the definition of the mole can be used.

A mole is the quantity of anything that has the same number of particles found in 12.000 grams of carbon-12 percent  by mass = mass solute x 100 / mass solution percent mass = 45%mass of solution = 34.2 g

substituting the value,

45.5 % = mass solute NaF x 100 / 34.2 mass solute NaF              

              = 34.2 x 45.5 /100=15.6 g

Therefore, the total number of moles that are participating will be 15.6 g

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Isotopes are forms of an element with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. The difference between 88Sr and 84Sr is in the number of neutrons, with 88Sr having 50 neutrons and 84Sr having 46 neutrons. This affects their physical properties but not their chemical behavior.

The difference between an isotope of 88Sr and an isotope of 84Sr lies in the number of neutrons each isotope contains. Isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. In the case of strontium (Sr), the atomic number is 38 which means it has 38 protons. For 88Sr, subtracting the number of protons (38) from the mass number (88), we find that this isotope has 50 neutrons. For the isotope 84Sr, it has 46 neutrons (84-38). The difference in the number of neutrons results in different physical properties, but does not affect the chemical behavior of the isotopes.

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Answer: Sn + 2Ag⁺ → Sn²⁺ + 2 Ag

Explanation:

1) The half-reactions given are:

Sn → Sn²⁺

Ag⁺ → Ag

2) The first step that you should perform is to complete each half reaction with electrons to balance the charges. This is how:

Sn → Sn²⁺ + 2e⁻

Ag⁺ + 1e⁻ → Ag

3) The second step is to multiply the half-reactions by the appropiate coefficients to make the electrons on both reactions equal.

So, multiply the second reaction by 2:

Sn → Sn²⁺ + 2e⁻

2Ag⁺ + 2e⁻ → 2Ag

4) The third step is to add up the two equations:

Sn + 2Ag⁺ + 2e⁻ → Sn²⁺ + 2e⁻ + 2 Ag

5) Fourth step, cancell the electrons on both sides:

Sn + 2Ag⁺ → Sn²⁺ + 2 Ag

And that is the final answer.

The balanced overall equation for the two half reactions is:

We'll begin by balancing the various half reactions. This can be obtained as follow:

Sn → Sn²⁺ + 2e¯...... (1)

Ag⁺ + e¯ → Ag .......... (2)

Multiply equation (2) by 2 to balance the electron(s) on both equation

Sn → Sn²⁺ + 2e¯...... (1)

2Ag⁺ + 2e¯ → 2Ag .......... (2)

Combine equation 1 and 2 with the elimination of 2e¯ to obtain the overall reaction as shown below:

Sn + 2Ag⁺ + 2e¯ → Sn²⁺ + 2Ag + 2e¯

Sn + 2Ag⁺ → Sn²⁺ + 2Ag

Therefore, the balanced overall equation for the two half reactions is:

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The three correct rules or principles are the Aufbau Principle, Hund’s Rule, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Aufbau’s Principle states that each electron orbits the lowest energy orbital. It also states that all orbitals related to an energy level are of equal energy. Hund’s Rule states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals. And finally, the Pauli Exclusion Principle states that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins. Hope this helps.

The three rules that define that how the electrons are arranged in atoms are the Aufbau Principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle.  

• According to the Aufbau Principle, each electron holds the lowest energy orbital, and all the orbitals associated with an energy level are of the same energy.  

• According to Hund's rule, the single electrons with a similar spin must attain the equal energy orbital before the other electrons with the contrasting spins can attain similar orbitals.  

• According to the Pauli Exclusion principle, only a maximum of up to two electrons can occur in a single orbital, and only if the electrons exhibit opposite spins.  

Thus, the three rules, which illustrate that how the electrons are aligned in atoms are the Aufbau Principle, Hund's Rule, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

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Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to strong ionic bonds and conduct electricity when dissolved in water or molten, as the ions are free to move.

Two properties of substances containing ionic bonds are:

These properties arise from the strong electrostatic forces that hold the oppositely charged ions together, creating ionic compounds with characteristic behaviors when in different states.